Here, I have discussed the Practices of Manual v/s Automation Testing 

Manual Testing: - This testing is performed without taking help of automated testing tools.

The software tester prepares test cases for different sections and levels of the code, executes the tests, and reports the results to the manager.

Manual testing is a time and resource-consuming process.

The tester needs to confirm whether or not the right test cases are used. The major portion of testing involves manual testing.


Automated Testing: - This testing is a testing procedure done with the aid of automated testing tools.

The limitations of manual testing can be overcome using automated test tools.

For example, A test needs to check if a webpage can be opened in Internet Explorer. This can be easily done with manual testing.

But to check if the web server can take the load of 1 million users, it is quite impossible to test manually.

There are software and hardware tools that help testers in conducting load testing, stress testing, and regression testing.

Manual testing is useful for one-time or exploratory cases.

Automation testing is essential for repeated, time-consuming, and regression tests.


Manual V/S Automation Testing


Here’s a complete step-by-step example that includes:

  1. Creating a simple program

  2. Writing manual testing steps

  3. Writing an automation script

  4. Comparing manual vs automation testing


Step 1: Create a program to check if a number is even or odd.

               # even_odd.py

              def check_even_odd(number):

              if number % 2 == 0:

                  return "Even"

                  else:

                 return "Odd"


Step 2: Manual Testing Steps

No. Action             Expected Output
1                Call check_even_odd(2)                     "Even"
2                Call check_even_odd(3)                     "Odd"
3                Call check_even_odd(0)                     "Even"
4                Call check_even_odd(-1)                     "Odd"
5                Call check_even_odd(100)                     "Even"


Manual testing is done by running the program, inputting each value, and checking the results one by one.


Step 3: Automation Testing Script in Python language

Test using unittest object

# test_even_odd.py

import unittest

from even_odd import check_even_odd


class TestEvenOdd(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_even(self):

        self.assertEqual(check_even_odd(2), "Even")

        self.assertEqual(check_even_odd(0), "Even")

        self.assertEqual(check_even_odd(100), "Even")


    def test_odd(self):

        self.assertEqual(check_even_odd(3), "Odd")

        self.assertEqual(check_even_odd(-1), "Odd")


if __name__ == '__main__':

    unittest.main()

Run the above code in Python application using the below command

python test_even_odd.py


Step 4: Manual vs Automation Testing Comparison


Criteria Manual Testing Automation Testing

Time to test 5 inputs
       2–5 minutes manually		                
               < 1 second
Accuracy
May miss edge cases or make typing mistakes		              Fully accurate as per the code
Reusability
Manual tests must be repeated manually		             Can be rerun any number of times with no extra effort
Best for
One-time testing or quick checks		            Large test sets or repeated runs (regression)          

Error?                  Yes, due to human mistakes,                 Less errors once the script is stable

Time Taken         More time per test, especially                Much faster for repeated runs
                             for large or repetitive tests

Note that: This is a complete step-by-step example that shows how to create a simple Python program, check the test it manually and automate the testing, and compare manual and automation testing.


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